Effectiveness of educational interventions to develop patient safety knowledge, skills, behaviours and attitudes in undergraduate nursing students: a systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Patient safety is a healthcare discipline that aims to prevent and reduce patient harm, risks and errors during the provision of healthcare. Given the size of the nursing workforce in the healthcare system the inclusion of patient safety in the undergraduate nursing curriculum is necessary to enhance a safe culture in the daily work of their future careers. To this end, it is essential to apply effective teaching strategies to develop patient safety competencies. This review will aim to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions in developing patient safety knowledge, skills, behaviours and attitudes in undergraduate nursing students within the existing topic areas of the WHO Multi-professional Patient Safety Curriculum Guide. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The databases Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Education Research Complete, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Medes and Grey literature such as ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, DART-Europe, ProQuest Dissertations, CAPES thesis and dissertations, The Virginia Henderson Global e-Repository, Mednar and Thesis Canada will be searched from July 2011 to January 2022. Two independent reviewers will conduct the search, extract the data and assess the risk of bias for the included studies, using standardised critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute. The quality of the evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment Development and Evaluation methodology. Studies will be pooled in the meta-analysis. Alternatively, the findings will be presented in narrative form, including tables and figures, to aid in data presentation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study raises no ethical issues. The findings will be disseminated through presentations at professional conferences and publications in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021254965.

Strategies to support health professionals in the condition of second victim: scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map and analyze the knowledge produced about strategies aimed at promoting support to health professionals in the condition of second victim. METHOD: Scoping review, developed in portals, databases and academic websites, whose inclusion criteria were articles and materials indexed in the respective search sites, between January 2000 and December 2019, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The findings were summarized and analyzed based on descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. RESULTS: A total of 64 studies were included, 100% international; 92.2% in English and 50% from secondary research. The support strategies were grouped into four categories and most of the studies referred to the use of the forYOU, Medically Induced Trauma Support Services and Resilience in Stressful Events programs and the interventions represented, through dialogue with peers, family, friends and managers. CONCLUSION: Support strategies for the second victim are pointed out in international studies and mostly developed through programs/services and interventions. It is recommended to develop studies to learn about the phenomenon and to structure feasible support strategies in Brazilian health organizations.

Strategies to support health professionals in the condition of second victim: scoping review / Estrategias para apoyar al profesional de la salud en la condición de segunda víctima: una revisión de alcance / Estratégias para apoiar profissionais de saúde na condição de segunda vítima: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: To map and analyze the knowledge produced about strategies aimed at promoting support to health professionals in the condition of second victim. Method: Scoping review, developed in portals, databases and academic websites, whose inclusion criteria were articles and materials indexed in the respective search sites, between January 2000 and December 2019, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The findings were summarized and analyzed based on descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. Results: A total of 64 studies were included, 100% international; 92.2% in English and 50% from secondary research. The support strategies were grouped into four categories and most of the studies referred to the use of the forYOU, Medically Induced Trauma Support Services and Resilience in Stressful Events programs and the interventions represented, through dialogue with peers, family, friends and managers. Conclusion: Support strategies for the second victim are pointed out in international studies and mostly developed through programs/services and interventions. It is recommended to develop studies to learn about the phenomenon and to structure feasible support strategies in Brazilian health organizations.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear y analizar el conocimiento producido acerca de las estrategias para promover el apoyo al profesional de la salud en la condición de segunda víctima. Método: Se trata de una revisión de alcance, desarrollada en portales, bases de datos y directorios académicos, cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron artículos y materiales indexados en los respectivos sitios de búsqueda, entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2019, en portugués, inglés y español. Los hallazgos se resumieron y analizaron bajo la base de la estadística descriptiva y la síntesis narrativa. Resultados: Se incluyeron 64 estudios, 100% de alcance internacional, un 92,2% en inglés y un 50% de investigaciones secundarias. Las estrategias de apoyo se agruparon en cuatro categorías y la mayoría de los estudios utilizó los programas forYOU, Medically Induced Trauma Support Services y Resilience in Stressful Events y las intervenciones representadas por el diálogo con los pares, familiares, amigos y gestores. Conclusión: Las estrategias de apoyo a la segunda víctima están señaladas en estudios internacionales y se desarrollan, principalmente, a través de programas/servicios e intervenciones. Se recomienda el desarrollo de estudios para conocer el fenómeno y estructurar las estrategias de apoyo factibles en las organizaciones de salud brasileñas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear e analisar o conhecimento produzido acerca das estratégias destinadas a promover apoio aos profissionais de saúde na condição de segunda vítima. Método: Revisão de escopo, desenvolvida em portais, bases de dados e diretórios acadêmicos, cujos critérios de inclusão foram artigos e materiais indexados nos respectivos sítios de busca, entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2019, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Os achados foram sumarizados e analisados com base na estatística descritiva e na síntese narrativa. Resultados: Foram incluídos 64 estudos, 100% de âmbito internacional, com 92,2% no idioma inglês e 50% oriundos de pesquisa secundária. As estratégias de apoio foram agrupadas em quatro categorias e a maioria dos estudos referiu o emprego dos programas forYOU, Medically Induced Trauma Support Services e Resilience in Stressful Events e das intervenções representadas, pelo diálogo com os pares, familiares, amigos e gestores. Conclusão: As estratégias de apoio à segunda vítima são apontadas em estudos de âmbito internacional e desenvolvidas, majoritariamente, por meio de programas/serviços e intervenções. Recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de estudos para conhecer o fenômeno e estruturar estratégias de apoio exequíveis nas organizações de saúde brasileiras.

Estratégias para apoiar profissionais de saúde na condição de segunda vítima: uma revisão de escopo / Strategies to support health professionals in second victim status: a scope review

Introdução: A segurança do paciente pode ser contextualizada e discutida sob distintas vertentes do conhecimento, tendo como cerne uma assistência segura e de qualidade. Todavia, os erros e os eventos adversos estão presentes no ambiente do cuidado, e os profissionais de saúde são suscetíveis às falhas, que podem causar danos ao paciente/família, ao trabalhador e à organização de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento produzido acerca das estratégias destinadas a promover apoio aos profissionais de saúde na condição de segunda vítima. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo baseada no modelo do Joanna Briggs Institute; para a coleta de dados, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico em portais, bases de dados, diretórios e buscadores acadêmicos, totalizando 20 sítios de busca, compreendendo a produção entre janeiro de 2000 e junho de 2017, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. A amostra correspondeu a 41 estudos. Os dados foram coletados no período entre 30 de novembro de 2017 e 11 de janeiro de 2018, por meio de um formulário. Para a seleção do material, empregou-se o diagrama de fluxo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, contando com a participação de dois revisores independentes para análise e seleção dos documentos a serem incluídos nesta pesquisa. Os achados extraídos foram sumarizados e analisados, de acordo com a estatística descritiva e a síntese narrativa. Resultados: Os estudos evidenciaram que 41 (100%) eram de âmbito internacional; 36 (87,8%) encontravam-se no idioma inglês, 20 (48,8%) foram oriundos de pesquisa secundária, 19 (46,3%) de primária e 2 (4,9%) relatos de experiência. A abordagem quantitativa predominou nos estudos primários e nos secundários, a maior parte foi de conteúdo teórico-reflexivo. No que tange às estratégias de apoio, estas foram agrupadas nas categorias: programas e serviços, ferramentas, guias e intervenções/ações. A maior parte dos estudos referiu o emprego dos programas/serviços como o forYOU, o Medically Induced Trauma Support Services e o Resilience in Stressful Events e das intervenções e ações representadas, sobretudo, pelo diálogo com os pares, familiares, amigos e gestores. Relativo aos sentimentos experienciados pelos profissionais de saúde, os estudos abordaram, majoritariamente, culpa, tristeza, vergonha, medo, frustração, ansiedade, insegurança, com repercussão na vida pessoal e profissional. Conclusões: Esta pesquisa propiciou identificar as estratégias destinadas a apoiar as segundas vítimas no contexto das organizações e reconhecer a multidimensionalidade de elementos que envolvem os profissionais de saúde nesta condição. Outrossim, foi possível constatar a inexistência de estudos no cenário nacional, tornando-se imperativo investigar, discutir, refletir e conhecer a dimensão do fenômeno segunda vítima junto aos trabalhadores e gestores nos serviços de saúde, bem como aos órgãos formadores e entidades de classe.

Introduction: Patient safety can be contextualized and discussed under different strands of knowledge, having as a base a safe and quality care. However, errors and adverse events are present in the care setting, and health professionals are susceptible to failures, which can cause harm to patients/families, workers and the health organization. Objective: Analyze the knowledge produced in terms of strategies to promote support to health professionals as second victims. Method: This is a scope review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute model. For the collection of data, a structured search strategy was used in the portals, databases, directories and academic searchers, totaling 20 search sites, comprising the production between 2000 and June 2017, limited to the English, Portuguese and Spanish. The sample corresponded to 41 studies. The data were collected in the period between November 2017 and January 2018, through a data extraction tool. For the material selection, the flow diagram Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes were used, with the participation of two independent reviewers to analyze and select the documents to be included in this research. The extracted findings were summarized and analyzed, according to descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. Results: The studies showed that 41 (100%) were of international scope; 36 (87.8%) were in the English language, 20 (48.8%) came from secondary research, 19 (46.3%) from primary research and 2 (4.9%) from experience reports. The quantitative approach predominated in primary and secondary studies, most of which were of theoretical-reflexive content. Regarding support strategies, these were grouped into the categories: programs and services, tools, guides, and interventions/actions. Most studies have reported on the use of programs and services such as forYOU, Medically Induced Trauma Support Services and Resilience in Stressful Events and the interventions and actions represented, above all, by dialogue with peers, family members, friends, supervisors and risk managers, and professional training. Concerning the feelings experienced by the second victims, the studies addressed, mainly, guilt, sadness, shame, fear, frustration, anxiety, and insecurity with repercussion in personal and professional life. Conclusions: This research aimed to identify strategies to support the second victims in the context of organizations and to recognize the multidimensionality of elements that involve health professionals in this condition. Moreover, it was possible to verify the lack of studies in the national scenario, making it imperative to investigate, discuss, reflect and know the dimension of the second victim phenomenon with the workers and managers in the health services, as well as to the training bodies and class entities.

Evaluation of the risk of misidentification of women in a public maternity hospital / Evaluación del riesgo de error en la identificación de mujeres en una maternidad pública / Avaliação do risco de erro na identificação de mulheres numa maternidade pública

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency of similar names and hospital records of women in a public teaching maternity hospital and the risk of misidentification resulting from the similarity in spelling and pronunciation of the names and in records. Method: Quantitative, documental and case study of 5,975 admissions that occurred between 2011 and 2014. The data name, admission and discharge date, date of birth, hospital record and bed number were collected from an electronic information system. Analysis encompassed descriptive statistics and design of an algorithm for comparison of text and sound. Results: Examination of the names revealed that 86% of the misidentification cases resulted from identical surnames and 96.5% from a sound similarity in the first names. There were patients with identical first and last names at least one day a week. Conclusion: The risk of misidentification of patients is a reality, which stresses the importance of checking and pronouncing the complete names correctly.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de nombres y registros hospitalarios similares de mujeres en una maternidad pública de enseñanza, y el riesgo de error identificatorio derivado de la homografía y homofonía del nombre y en el registro. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, documental, casuística de 5.976 admisiones ocurridas entre 2011 y 2014. Los datos: nombre, fecha de admisión, alta, nacimiento, número de registro hospitalario y lecho fueron recolectados del sistema de información electrónico. Se realizó análisis por estadística descriptiva y construcción de algoritmo comparativo de texto y sonido. Resultados: Respecto a idéntica escritura, 86% derivaron del apellido y 96,5% por equivalencia fónica del primero nombre. Respecto al riesgo, hubo, al menos una vez por semana, mujeres con nombre y apellido idénticos. Conclusión: El riesgo de ocurrencia de errores identificatorios de los pacientes es una realidad, ratificándose la importancia de la verificación y pronunciación correcta del nombre completo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a frequência de nomes e registros hospitalares similares das mulheres em uma maternidade pública de ensino e o risco para erro na identificação decorrente da similaridade na grafia e pronúncia do nome e no registro. Método: Estudo quantitativo, documental, casuística de 5.975 admissões ocorridas entre 2011 e 2014. Os dados: nome, data de admissão, alta, nascimento, número do registro hospitalar e leito foram coletados do sistema de informação eletrônico. A análise ocorreu pela estatística descritiva e construção de um algoritmo de comparação de texto e som. Resultados: Quanto à grafia idêntica, 86% decorreram do sobrenome e 96,5% de similaridade do som no primeiro nome. Relativo ao risco, houve, em ao menos um dia da semana, mulheres com o primeiro nome e sobrenome idênticos. Conclusão: O risco para ocorrência de equívocos na identificação dos pacientes é uma realidade, ratificando a importância da conferência e pronúncia correta do nome completo.

Evaluation of the risk of misidentification of women in a public maternity hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of similar names and hospital records of women in a public teaching maternity hospital and the risk of misidentification resulting from the similarity in spelling and pronunciation of the names and in records. METHOD: Quantitative, documental and case study of 5,975 admissions that occurred between 2011 and 2014. The data name, admission and discharge date, date of birth, hospital record and bed number were collected from an electronic information system. Analysis encompassed descriptive statistics and design of an algorithm for comparison of text and sound. RESULTS: Examination of the names revealed that 86% of the misidentification cases resulted from identical surnames and 96.5% from a sound similarity in the first names. There were patients with identical first and last names at least one day a week. CONCLUSION: The risk of misidentification of patients is a reality, which stresses the importance of checking and pronouncing the complete names correctly.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Morbidity of Acquired Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection Among Preterm Infants Fed Maternal Milk in a Highly Seropositive Population.

BACKGROUND: In preterm infants cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection acquired through maternal milk has been related to morbidity. However, infants who may receive higher titers of protective antibodies from highly seropositive mothers have not been studied in detail. METHODS: A cohort of 188 ≤30-week-old infants was monitored from admission to discharge. CMV-DNA, hematology, liver enzymes, neutralizing antibodies, and CMV-DNA-lactia were tested periodically. RESULTS: Mothers of 157 infants (83.5%) were CMV-seropositive. A total of 24/157 (15.3%) infants became infected (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.8-22.6), particularly those of lower gestational age (GA; relative risk [RR], 2.32; 95% CI, 1.01-5.34 for 23-26 weeks). Low (<1:64) neutralizing antibody titers were similarly detected in CMV-infected and uninfected infants. Mean DNA-lactia in mothers was higher in CMV-infected than in uninfected infants (5.34 log vs 4.60 log). Clinical findings suggestive of CMV disease were similar in CMV-infected (50.0%) and CMV-uninfected (51.1%) infants. Although transitory, >2 laboratory test abnormalities occurred more frequently among CMV-infected (39.1%) than CMV-uninfected (2.1%) infants. More severe stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were found among CMV-infected infants (adjusted RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.07-5.91). Although deaths were more frequent among infected infants, none of the deaths could be directly attributed to CMV. CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal CMV infection acquired by exposure to raw maternal milk is very frequent among extremely premature newborns, being facilitated by high DNA-lactia and lower GA, regardless of maternally acquired neutralizing antibody levels. The association with advanced stages of ROP is a concern and needs to be further explored in larger studies.

Evaluation of the identification protocol for newborns in a private hospital.

This exploratory-descriptive quantitative study aimed to evaluate the protocol for identifying newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive and Semi-intensive Therapy Unit of a private hospital. The case series was made up of 540 observation opportunities, selected by simple random probability sampling. The data was collected between May and August 2010 according to a form and analyzed by descriptive statistic. The protocol's general performance had a conformity index of 82.2%. There were three stages to the protocol: identification components, the identification wristbands' condition and the number of identification wristbands. The highest percentage of conformity (93%) was attributed to the second stage and the lowest (89.3%) to the third, presenting a statistically significant difference of p= 0.046. In the group of 'special' neonates, 88.5% conformity was achieved. These results will make it possible to restructure the protocol for identifying newborns and to establish care and managerial goals so as to improve the quality of care and the patients' safety.

Evaluation of the identification protocol for newborns in a private hospital / Avaliação do protocolo de identificação do neonato de um hospital privado / Evaluación del protocolo de identificación de los recién nacidos en un hospital privado

This exploratory-descriptive quantitative study aimed to evaluate the protocol for identifying newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive and Semi-intensive Therapy Unit of a private hospital. The case series was made up of 540 observation opportunities, selected by simple random probability sampling. The data was collected between May and August 2010 according to a form and analyzed by descriptive statistic. The protocol's general performance had a conformity index of 82.2%. There were three stages to the protocol: identification components, the identification wristbands' condition and the number of identification wristbands. The highest percentage of conformity (93%) was attributed to the second stage and the lowest (89.3%) to the third, presenting a statistically significant difference of p= 0.046. In the group of 'special' neonates, 88.5% conformity was achieved. These results will make it possible to restructure the protocol for identifying newborns and to establish care and managerial goals so as to improve the quality of care and the patients' safety.

Trata-se de estudo exploratório-descritivo quantitativo cujo objetivo foi avaliar o protocolo de identificação do neonato admitido na unidade de terapia intensiva e semi-intensiva neonatal de um hospital privado. A casuística foi composta por 540 oportunidades de observações, selecionadas por amostragem probabilística aleatória simples. Os dados foram coletados de maio a agosto de 2010, segundo um formulário, e analisados pela estatística descritiva e teste com significância de 5%. No desempenho geral do protocolo, o índice de conformidade foi de 82,2%. Quanto às três etapas do protocolo: componentes de identificação, condições das pulseiras e quantitativo das pulseiras, o maior percentual de conformidade (93%) foi atribuído à segunda etapa e a menor (89,3%) à terceira etapa, apresentando diferença estatística significante, p=0,046. No grupo de neonatos especiais, obteve-se 88,5% de conformidade. Esses resultados possibilitarão reestruturar o protocolo de identificação dos recém-nascidos e estabelecer metas assistenciais e gerenciais, para melhorar a qualidade e a segurança dos pacientes.

El objetivo de este estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, cuantitativo fue evaluar protocolo de identificación de recién nacidos ingresados en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y Semi-intensiva Neonatal de hospital privado. La muestra consistió de 540 oportunidades de observaciones, seleccionados por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Datos colectados entre mayo y agosto 2010, según formulario y analizados por estadística descriptiva y con significación 5%. Referente desempeño global del protocolo, índice de conformidad fue de 82,2%. Referente tres etapas del protocolo, porcentaje más alto de conformidad (93%) se atribuyó a la manera correcta de hacer pulseras de identificación y el más bajo (89,3%) referente a presencia de tres pulseras de identificación, con diferencia estadística significativa p = 0,046. En el grupo especial de recién nacidos, se obtuvo índice 88,5% conformidad. Estos resultados permitirán restructurar protocolo de identificación de recién nacidos y establecer metas de cuidado y gestión para mejorar calidad y seguridad del paciente.

Avaliação do processo de identificação do neonato de um hospital privado / Evaluation of the identification procedure for newborns in a private hospital

Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, que teve por objetivo avaliar o processo de identificação do neonato admitido na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e semi-intensiva de um hospital privado no Município de São Paulo. A casuística compôs-se de 540 oportunidades de análise, selecionadas pela amostragem probabilística aleatória simples. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de maio a agosto de 2010, por meio de um formulário, contendo as três etapas do processo de identificação: componentes de identificação, condições da pulseira e quantitativo de pulseiras. Os dados foram analisados em função da estatística descritiva, e sendo aplicado o teste estatístico com significância de 5%. No que diz respeito ao desempenho geral do processo, o percentual de conformidade foi de 82,2%. No que tange as três etapas integrantes do processo, o maior índice de conformidade (93%) foi atribuído a segunda etapa e o menor (89,3%) a terceira etapa, com diferença estatística significante (p=0,046). Em relação a primeira etapa, a presença do código de internação obteve (98,5%) de conformidade; na segunda,o melhor percentual (99,8%), foi atribuído à confecção correta da pulseira e na terceira, houve (88,5%) de conformidade para o grupo de neonatos em condições especiais, não apresentando diferença estatística significante p=0,895. Acredita-se que os achados deste estudo subsidiem as reestruturações necessárias no processo de identificação dosrecém-nascidos e o estabelecimento de metas assistenciais e gerenciais, para a melhoria contínua da qualidade e da segurança dos pacientes.

This is an exploratory, descriptive study of quantitative approach, aiming to evaluate the identification procedure for newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive and semi-intensive care unit of a private hospital in the city of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 540 opportunities for analysis, selected by the simple random probability sampling. Data collection occurred between May and August 2010, using a form containing the three phases of the identification procedure: identification components, conditions of ID bracelet and quantitative of ID bracelets. Data were analyzed according to descriptive statistics and the statistical test was applied with a significance of 5%. Regarding performance of the general process, the percentage of compliance was 82.2%. Regarding the three phases of the process, the highest compliance rate (93%) was related to the second phase and the lowest (89.3%) to the third phase, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.046). Regarding the first phase, the presence of a hospitalization code obtained (98.5%) of compliance, in the second, the best percentage (99.8%) was attributed to correct manufacturing of the ID bracelet and third, with (88, 5%) of compliance for the group of newborns under special conditions, showing no statistically significant difference p = 0.895. It is believed that the findings of this study will subsidize the necessary reorganization of newborn identification procedure and establishment of assistance and managementof goals for the constant improvement of quality and patient safety.